In July 2007, in the atmosphere of a political scandal, Poland saw a collapse of its ruling coalition consisting of three parties: PiS (Law and Justice), Samoobrona (Self-Defence) and League of Polish Families (LPR). The parliament’s term of office was terminated early and new elections were called for October 2007. Numerous signals of the crisis within the ruling coalition had been noticeable earlier (cf. events between ESS 2 and ESS 3 and those during ESS 3). The events described below took place after January 2007 (i.e. following the completion of ESS 3 in Poland).